Foundations of GNSS spoofing detection and mitigation with distributed GNSS SDR receiver

GNSS spoofing is an intentional and malicious action aimed at degrading and suppressing GNSS Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services. Since it affects data and information segment of GNSS, it is considered a GNSS information (cyber‐) security attack. Considering a significant and powerful threat, GNSS spoofing should be treated seriously to avoid damage and liabilities resulting from disruptions of GNSS PNT services. Here the GNSS position estimation procedure is examined for potential vulnerabilities, and the nature of and motivation for GNSS spoofing attacks exloiting the vulnerabilities assessed. A novel GNSS Spoofing Detection and Mitigation (GNSS SDM) method is proposed within the established computational and communication infrastructure, that allows for successful overcoming and classification of GNSS spoofing attacks. Proposed method is applicable without requirements for core GNSS modification, and leaves majority of user equipment easily transferable to the GNSS spoofing‐free environment. Potential GNSS spoofing effects and GNSS anti‐spoofing opportunities in maritime sector were given a particular attention.