Contemporary trends in development of active substances possessing the pesticidal properties: spinosyn insecticides

A new group of insecticides belonging to the category of bio-pesticides, namely – spinosyns, is discussed. The spinosyns are the products of bacterial fermentation by microorganisms Saccharopolyspora spinosa (Actinomycetes group) in a nutrient media. The chemical structures of spinosyns, also those developed by the semi-synthetic and biochemical modifications, as well as their insecticidal properties and mechanism of biological activity, the range of their application in crop protection and the commercially available products based on them, are reviewed.