Ekstraterytorialne stosowanie Europejskiej Konwencji o Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Podstawowych Wolności. Orzeczenie Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w sprawie Al-Skeini

The presence of the European states’ armed forces abroad entails some important legal issues concerning the extraterritorial application of the European Convention on Human Rights. Under art. 1 the states parties „shall secure to everyone within their jurisdiction” the rights and freedoms defined in the Convention. The article presents the European Court of Human Rights’ jurisprudence in this respect and briefly restates fundamental tenets of personal and spatial models of extraterritorial jurisdiction. Against this background the recent, much anticipated judgment in Al-Skeini v. United Kingdom is presented. The reasoning of the Court in the leading case is elaborated within the context of states’s positive obligations arising out of effective control over area outside the Convention legal space.