A High-Energy Ball Milling as a Useful Technique for the Synthesis of $CaCu_3Ti_4O_{12}$ Electroceramics

This paper shows that $CaCu_3Ti_4O_{12}$ (CCTO) can be synthesized through the high-energy ball milling of CaO, CuO and $TiO_2$ powders. The dielectric characterization of CCTO obtained mechanochemically as well as, for comparison, by a high-temperature method is presented. Moreover, it is illustrated that zirconium oxide in contrast to a metallic iron generated during milling processes improves the properties of CCTO in terms of ceramic capacitors.