Czy ogrzewanie elektryczne może być opłacalne: ukraińskie doświadczenia

Incentive of development of electric heating systems is the continuous growth of the gas fuel price and the corresponding tariffs for thermal energy in the centralized systems of a heat supply. However the electricity is the secondary energy carrier in relation to chemical energy of organic fuel. Higher efficiency of electric boilers economically collapses by extremely low efficiency of electricity generation at the thermal power plants. To municipal consumers use of electricity is 1.4 times more expensive than heat from the centralized sources, and to individual consumers – 2.3 times. But the multirate system of payment for electricity allows to accumulate energy at night, with payment on the lowest tariff, and to use it throughout the day. Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of such heating system. The authors developed the procedure of definition of two most important characteristics of electro-accumulation heating systems: the required power of electric heaters and necessary volume of the storage tank. Fig. 2–4 show the dependence of the required relative electrical power of system on the external temperature and time of the consumption of electric power. Fig. 5 shows the dependence of the necessary relative volume of the storage tank on external temperature. This capacity will allow heating system to work in the course of twenty-four hours, consuming electric power only at the preferential tariff at night. The need of positioning the storage tank of large sizes and modernization of the feeding electrical networks remain the serious problems of the accumulation systems of electro-heating. Based on the above results, authors came to opinion that application of the considered technical solution has limited opportunities, but can be paid back in case of application of stimulating many-part tariffs for the electric power.