Three- and four-mass models for vehicle front crumple zone

The article deals with the applicability of the three- and four-mass crumplezone models by optimization of the vehicle front crumple zone in case of a collision. The possibilities for integrating the requirements for individual crumple zones are discussed. The crumple model for special crumple zone elements has been proposed. Optimum parameter limits for the deformable elements have been identified, and complex influence of the damping elements used has been demonstrated. The need for adjustment of the optimization process for different vehicle load has been identified. The article analyzes the requirements applicable to the front crumple zone of a light passenger vehicle in case of a front collision by employing simple models.