Comparison of firefly and cockroach algorithms in selected discrete and combinatorial problems

In recent years, newer algorithms inspired by nature have been created and used to solve various problems. Therefore, in the paper we present the application of firefly and cockroach algorithms to optimize two queueing systems and permutation flow shop problems with the objective of minimizing the makespan. The article briefly describes these algorithms to solve selected problems and their results. Because these algorithms were originally developed for continuous optimization problems, we introduce a new formula to transform the position of ith individual to solve the discrete problems.