Modern trends in development of alternative powertrain systems for non-road machinery

The main goal of the paper is to review available alternative powertrain technologies for non-road machinery. Based on that, to propose adequate classification and recognise main trends within this area. The paper presents various powertrain propositions alternative to internal combustion engine and solely mechanical powertrain developed by manufacturers over a course of years. The article explains actual legislative situation regarding environmental challenges connected to the powertrain solutions and reiterates the need for development in that area. Both commercially available and only presented at fairs or at early development stages solutions have been analysed. Depending on the load conditions and work patterns multiple benefits as well as challenges to the reviewed concepts have been discussed. Certain classification of existing powertrain solutions have been proposed taking into account its design and functionality.