Pięć sił zielonej transformacji. Jak Europejski Zielony Ład i dekarbonizacja oddziałują na polską gospodarkę

The article analyses the way in which green transition, understood as a socio-economic transformation towards a net zero economy and society, is exerting pressure on the Polish economy. The goal of the article is to show that today decarbonisation is a much broader phenomenon than EU energy policy and climate law and affects economic conditions in different ways. In the first part of the article five forces of decarbonisation are presented and discussed: political, regulatory, market, financial and technological. The final section assesses consequences of their impact on the Polish economy, the readiness of business actors to undertake a green transition and some of the challenges of green transition on the example of industry. The article highlights the importance of carbon footprint as a new factor in global value chains. The readiness to measure and reduce the carbon footprint of companies’ operations and products is a key condition for maintaining a competitive position on the international market. It is particularly important for the Polish manufacturing industry, significantly overburdened by high emissions and energy consumption. In order to promote the decarbonisation of the Polish economy and to create conditions for its green transition, public institutions and authorities should present an overall net zero strategy for Poland with specific action plans and support frameworks for all sectors of the economy.