Preparation and characterization of silicone rubber socket liners modified by nanoparticles additives

Purpose: The upper part of the prosthesis is called a socket, which contacts the amputated part. While wearing the prosthesis, there are several problems that the patient may suffer from, such as shear force between the socket and amputated part, pressure on the bony prominences, sweating, and bacteria generation, all leading to skin problems and a bad smell. It makes the patient refuse to wear the prosthesis because it is uncomfortable. Therefore, the aim of this study was comfortable lining from silicone rubber which cross-links at room temperature, with properties corresponding to the needs of this application, such as stress distribution, moisture absorption, and antibacterial. Design/methodology/approach: In the current work, silicone rubber was selected with the addition of nano-fillers (ZnO, Mg(OH)2, and Chitosan). Mechanical and physical properties were studied (tensile strength, tear strength, hardness, water absorption, porosity, and antibacterial). Findings: Chitosan showed the highest effect on the mechanical properties of silicon, as it achieved the highest value of tensile strength of 2.2 MPa elongation of 572%, tear strength 13.9 kN/m, and shore A hardness of 33.3. While the highest value of the modulus, 0.636 MPa was achieved by adding ZnO. The results also showed an increase in the water absorption and the porosity, which were the highest values at 1.6 % and 0.24%, respectively with the addition of Mg(OH)2. The samples showed a clear resistance to preventing the microorganism’s growth. Research limitations/implications: Manufactured linings require additional improvement in mechanical properties by mixing more than one type of additives mentioned in the research. Thus, physical and biological properties can be obtained simultaneously with mechanical properties. Practical implications: The above results qualify the silicone rubber composites for use as a socket liner due to their flexibility and ability to absorb water in addition to their resistance and prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria. Originality/value: The method of preparation and properties of the lining material and additives qualify it for such applications as physical and biological properties.