Judicial protection of rights on real estate in non-contentious proceedings

The article presents the rights concerning real estates, which are considered in noncontentious proceedings by the court. The author defines non-contentious proceedings, which are a kind of civil proceedings. The scope of non-contentious proceedings involves cases concerning different rights on real estate, for instance: ownership, co-ownership, servitude right of necessity of passage, establishing the necessity of passage, making an entry in the land and mort gage register and in the National Court Register. Besides, there is – in this article – a comparison between non-contentious and contentious proceedings and administrative proceedings. The article describes also the principle of effective judicial protection in non-contentious proceedings. The author proposes amendments in the regulation and in the practice of their application, which are connected with granting more powers to court clerks (referendarz sądowy) and assistants to judges.